The Muskrat
The Busy Builder of the Marsh
The Muskrat is a medium-sized rodent that spends almost its whole life in the water. They are famous for their long, skinny tails and their ability to stay underwater for a long time. These "water-rats" are very social and work hard to keep their homes tidy and safe.
RANGE
Muskrats are found all across North America. You can find them from the very top of Canada and Alaska all the way down to the southern United States and even parts of Mexico. They live anywhere there is enough water for them to swim.
HABITAT
Muskrats love wetlands! This includes marshes, ponds, lakes, and slow-moving streams. They are famous for building "lodges" out of cattails, lilies, and mud. If the water has a steep bank, they might dig a burrow into the dirt instead. Their homes always have a secret entrance underwater so enemies cannot get in.
DIET
Muskrats are mostly herbivores, which means they love to eat greens.
Favorite Foods: They love the roots and stems of cattails, water lilies, and pondweed.
Occasional Snacks: Sometimes, they will eat small animals like crayfish, snails, or mussels if they can't find enough plants.
The Feeding Platform: They often build little rafts of plants to sit on while they eat so they can stay safe in the water.
LIFE CYCLE
Muskrats have many babies to make sure their family stays strong.
A mother can have two or three litters of babies every year.
Each litter usually has 4 to 7 babies, called kits.
The kits are born inside the safe, dry room of the lodge. They grow very quickly and can swim on their own when they are only three weeks old!
SIZE & WEIGHT
A muskrat is much larger than a regular house mouse but smaller than a beaver. They are usually about 16 to 25 inches long, and about half of that is just their tail! They weigh between 2 and 4 pounds, which is about the same as a large carton of milk.
PREDATORS
Because they are small and live near the water, many animals look for Jerry Muskrat. Mink are their biggest enemies because mink can swim right into their burrows! Hawks, owls, and foxes also watch for them from the shore. To stay safe, muskrats usually come out at night or during the quiet times of dusk and dawn.
ADAPTATIONS
The Muskrat has a body that works like a little submarine.
Rudder Tail: Their tail is flat on the sides, not the top. They move it back and forth like a boat's rudder to help them steer while they swim.
Webbed Feet: Their back feet have webbing between the toes to help them paddle through the water very fast.
Breath Holders: A muskrat can stay underwater for 12 to 15 minutes without coming up for air!
Mouth Flaps: They have special flaps behind their front teeth so they can chew on plants underwater without getting a mouthful of water.
FUN FACTS
The Name: They are called "muskrats" because they have a special scent called musk that they use to talk to other muskrats and mark their territory.
Warm Fur: Their fur is very thick and has two layers. The layer underneath stays dry even when they are swimming in icy water!
Winter Food: In the winter, they sometimes eat the very walls of their house if they can't find any other food under the ice!
ANIMAL TALK
Muskrats are mostly quiet, but they have a few specific ways to express themselves.
The High Squeak: They use tiny, sharp squeaks to talk to their babies or to argue with other muskrats over a favorite patch of cattails.
Whines and Chatters: When they are busy building their lodges or feeling a bit stressed, they might make soft whining or chattering sounds.
The Warning Tail Slap: Much like their larger cousin the beaver, a muskrat will slap its thin, flat tail against the water to warn others of a nearby predator.
RESPECTING WILDLIFE
Muskrats are very important for keeping our local ponds and marshes healthy and balanced.
Managing the Marsh: Muskrats love to eat cattails and water lilies. By munching on these plants, they keep them from growing too thick and taking over the whole pond. This creates "open water" lanes that help ducks and geese swim and find food.
Building for Others: The dome-shaped houses that muskrats build out of mud and plants are very sturdy. Once a muskrat family moves out, these lodges often become favorite resting spots or nesting sites for birds like ducks and even beautiful trumpeter swans.
Protecting the Banks: If you live near a pond or a canal, you can help muskrats by planting sturdy, native grasses and shrubs along the water's edge. These deep roots help keep the soil strong so that when muskrats dig their bank burrows, the ground stays safe and stable for everyone.
Safe Travels: In the spring, young muskrats often travel over land to find a new home of their own. Being a good neighbor means watching out for these small, furry travelers if you live near a wetland, especially during rainy nights when they are most likely to be on the move.
Muskrat Photos
